/* ============================================================
   Portfolio — Global Stylesheet
   ============================================================ */

/* === Reset & Variables ======================================= */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

:root {
  --navy:        #0f172a;
  --navy-800:    #1e293b;
  --navy-700:    #334155;
  --slate-600:   #475569;
  --slate-500:   #64748b;
  --slate-400:   #94a3b8;
  --slate-300:   #cbd5e1;
  --slate-200:   #e2e8f0;
  --slate-100:   #f1f5f9;
  --white:       #ffffff;
  --bg:          #f8fafc;
  --accent:      #3b82f6;
  --accent-dark: #2563eb;
  --accent-light:#eff6ff;
  --green:       #22c55e;

  --font:       'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  --font-mono:  'JetBrains Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Cascadia Code', monospace;

  --radius-sm:  4px;
  --radius:     8px;
  --radius-lg:  12px;
  --radius-full:9999px;

  --shadow-sm:  0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05);
  --shadow:     0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.1), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.06);
  --shadow-md:  0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.07), 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.06);
  --shadow-lg:  0 10px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.1), 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.05);

  --nav-height: 64px;
  --max-width:  1100px;
  --pad-x:      24px;
  --section-y:  40px;
  --transition: 150ms ease;
}

html  { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body  { font-family: var(--font); background: var(--bg); color: var(--navy-800); line-height: 1.6; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
img   { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a     { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
ul    { list-style: none; }
button{ font-family: var(--font); cursor: pointer; border: none; background: none; }

/* Focus ring — accessible but unobtrusive */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* === Layout ================================================== */
.container {
  max-width: var(--max-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad-x);
}

section { padding: var(--section-y) 0; }

/* === Navigation ============================================== */
.nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 200;
  height: var(--nav-height);
  background: var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.07);
}

.nav-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 100%;
}

.nav-logo {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}
.nav-logo span { color: var(--accent); }

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

.nav-link {
  font-size: .875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.7);
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: color var(--transition), background var(--transition);
}
.nav-link:hover, .nav-link.active {
  color: var(--white);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
}
.nav-link.resume-btn {
  color: var(--accent);
  border: 1px solid rgba(59,130,246,.4);
  margin-left: 6px;
}
.nav-link.resume-btn:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(59,130,246,.1);
  border-color: rgba(59,130,246,.7);
}

/* Dropdown */
.nav-item { position: relative; }

.nav-dropdown {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 10px);
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-6px);
  width: 520px;
  background: var(--white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg), 0 0 0 1px var(--slate-200);
  padding: 20px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity var(--transition), transform var(--transition), visibility var(--transition);
}

.nav-item:hover .nav-dropdown,
.nav-item:focus-within .nav-dropdown {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0);
}

/* Small bridge so hover doesn't drop when moving to dropdown */
.nav-item::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 10px;
}

.dropdown-group h4 {
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}
.dropdown-group a {
  display: block;
  font-size: .85rem;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  padding: 5px 0;
  transition: color var(--transition);
}
.dropdown-group a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* Hamburger toggle (mobile only) */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  color: var(--white);
  padding: 8px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.nav-toggle:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); }

/* === Buttons ================================================= */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 10px 22px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition), color var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.btn:active { transform: translateY(0) !important; }

.btn-primary {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--accent);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
  background: var(--accent-dark);
  border-color: var(--accent-dark);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(59,130,246,.4);
}

.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);
}
.btn-outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn-outline-dark {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}
.btn-outline-dark:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-light);
}

/* === Section Headers ========================================= */
.section-header { margin-bottom: 20px; }

.section-label {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.section-header h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.section-header p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  max-width: 540px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* === Hero ==================================================== */
.hero {
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: 44px 0 28px;
  text-align: center;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--green);
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.status-dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: var(--green);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: pulse-dot 2.2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes pulse-dot {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
  50%       { opacity: .45; transform: scale(.85); }
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 6vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
  line-height: 1.05;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.2vw, 1.3rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.hero-objective {
  max-width: 560px;
  margin: 0 auto 36px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.58);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.hero-ctas {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* === About =================================================== */
.about { background: var(--white); }

.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}

.photo-wrap {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0;
}

.photo-circle {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--slate-100);
  border: 3px solid var(--slate-200);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.photo-circle img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.photo-placeholder-svg {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--slate-400);
}

.photo-placeholder-svg span {
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.about-content h2 {
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.about-content p {
  font-size: .975rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.contact-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.contact-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  transition: color var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), background var(--transition);
}
.contact-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-light);
}

/* === Skills ================================================== */
.skills { background: var(--bg); }

.skills-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.skill-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 24px;
}

.skill-card h3 {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.skill-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
}

.skill-tag {
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  background: var(--slate-100);
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}

/* === Cards =================================================== */
.card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 24px;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Stretch the card-link to cover the entire card (only inside .card) */
.card .card-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}

.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.card-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  padding: 3px 9px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.badge-school   { background: #dbeafe; color: #1d4ed8; }
.badge-work     { background: #dcfce7; color: #15803d; }
.badge-personal { background: #fce7f3; color: #9d174d; }
.badge-research { background: #fef3c7; color: #92400e; }
.badge-technical{ background: #e0e7ff; color: #3730a3; }
.badge-essay    { background: #fce7f3; color: #9d174d; }

.card h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
}

.card p, .card .card-desc {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.tech-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.tech-tag {
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  background: var(--slate-100);
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

.tech-tag--more {
  color: var(--slate-400);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}

.card-link {
  font-size: .85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  transition: gap var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}
.card-link:hover { gap: 8px; color: var(--accent-dark); }

/* Featured projects footer CTA */
.section-footer { text-align: center; margin-top: 24px; }

/* === Page Hero (inner pages) ================================= */
.page-hero {
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: 52px 0 44px;
}

.breadcrumb {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.45);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.breadcrumb a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.45); transition: color var(--transition); }
.breadcrumb a:hover { color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); }
.breadcrumb .sep { color: rgba(255,255,255,.25); }

.page-hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.page-hero p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  max-width: 560px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

/* === Filter Tabs ============================================= */
.filter-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 32px 0 0;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.filter-btn {
  font-size: .84rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  padding: 6px 18px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}
.filter-btn:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.filter-btn.active { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--white); }

.projects-list {
  padding: 28px 0 80px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
}

.project-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 24px 28px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: center;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.project-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.project-card-info h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
}

.project-card-info p {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.project-card-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.project-card-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* === Article Layout ========================================== */
.article-hero {
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: 52px 0 44px;
}

.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-date {
  font-size: .8rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.45);
}

.article-hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  max-width: 720px;
}

.article-hero .lead {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  max-width: 620px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.article-body {
  padding: 56px 0 80px;
  background: var(--white);
}

.article-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 228px;
  gap: 52px;
  align-items: start;
}

.article-content h2 {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
  margin: 40px 0 14px;
  padding-top: 8px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}
.article-content h2:first-child { border-top: none; margin-top: 0; }

.article-content h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  margin: 28px 0 10px;
}

.article-content p {
  font-size: .975rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.article-content ul, .article-content ol {
  padding-left: 22px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.article-content li {
  font-size: .975rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  list-style: disc;
}
.article-content ol li { list-style: decimal; }

.article-content code {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: .875em;
  background: var(--slate-100);
  color: var(--navy-700);
  padding: 2px 6px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}

.article-content pre {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 24px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 24px 0;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.05);
}
.article-content pre code {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.88);
  font-size: .875rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  padding: 0;
}

.article-content blockquote {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding: 4px 20px;
  margin: 24px 0;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* Sticky sidebar */
.article-sidebar { position: sticky; top: calc(var(--nav-height) + 24px); }

.sidebar-box {
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.sidebar-box h4 {
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.sidebar-tech {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
}

.sidebar-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}

.sidebar-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: .84rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  transition: color var(--transition);
}
.sidebar-link:hover { color: var(--accent-dark); }

/* Back + article nav */
.article-nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: 36px;
  margin-top: 36px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
}

/* === Education Page ========================================== */
.edu-degree {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 32px 36px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 32px;
}

.edu-degree h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.edu-degree .university {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.55);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.edu-degree .graduation {
  font-size: .85rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.gpa-badge {
  text-align: center;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 16px 24px;
}

.gpa-num {
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.gpa-label {
  font-size: .7rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.45);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
}

.edu-cols {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 24px;
}

.top-courses-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.edu-col-header {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.course-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.course-card h4 {
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.course-card p {
  font-size: .84rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.course-card .tech-tags { margin-top: 10px; }

/* === Writing Page ============================================ */
.writing-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 32px 0 80px;
}

.writing-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 24px 28px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.writing-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.writing-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.writing-card .abstract {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.writing-card-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.writing-date {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--slate-400);
}

.writing-card-action { flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px; }

/* === Academic Paper (writing samples) ======================== */
.abstract-box {
  background: var(--slate-100);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  padding: 18px 22px;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}

.abstract-box h3 {
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.abstract-box p {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.75;
  font-style: italic;
  margin: 0 !important;
}

/* === 404 Page ================================================ */
.not-found {
  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--nav-height));
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: 60px 24px;
}

.not-found-inner { max-width: 400px; }

.not-found-num {
  font-size: 8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.08);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  letter-spacing: -.06em;
}

.not-found h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.not-found p {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}

/* === Footer ================================================== */
.footer {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.06);
  padding: 32px 0;
}

.footer-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
}

.footer-logo {
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}
.footer-logo span { color: var(--accent); }

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
}
.footer-links a {
  font-size: .8rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.45);
  transition: color var(--transition);
}
.footer-links a:hover { color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }

.footer-copy {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.3);
}

/* === Nav Dropdown Modifiers ================================== */
.nav-dropdown--narrow {
  width: 220px;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.nav-dropdown--two-col {
  width: 380px;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
}

.nav-dropdown--wide {
  width: 660px;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

/* === Hero Credential Strip =================================== */
.hero-credential-strip {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 20px 0 32px;
}

.credential-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.75);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.09);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15);
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

.credential-pill .pill-accent { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
.credential-pill .pill-sep    { color: rgba(255,255,255,.3); margin: 0 2px; }

a.credential-pill {
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
a.credential-pill:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.15);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.3);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* === Hero Skill Strip ======================================== */
.hero-skill-strip {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: -12px 0 28px;
}

.skill-pill {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}
a.skill-pill {
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition), color var(--transition);
}
a.skill-pill:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.14);
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.25);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.9);
}

/* === Experience Strip ======================================== */
.experience-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 20px 24px;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.experience-strip .card-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}
.experience-strip:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.experience-strip-info h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.experience-strip-info .exp-role {
  font-size: .875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.experience-strip-info p {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.experience-strip-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  text-align: right;
}

.exp-dates {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* === Education Strip ========================================= */
.education-strip {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 20px 24px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.education-strip .card-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}
.education-strip:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.education-strip-info h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.education-strip-info .edu-degree-line {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.education-strip-info .edu-gpa {
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.education-strip-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.edu-grad-year {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* === Company Card ============================================ */
.company-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 24px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.company-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.company-logo-slot {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--slate-100);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  font-size: .6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.company-card-body h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 3px;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
}

.company-card-body .company-role {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.company-card-body .company-dates {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.company-card-body p {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

/* === Research Card =========================================== */
.research-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 32px 0 16px;
}

.research-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 24px 28px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
}
.research-card .card-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}
.research-card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.research-venue {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.research-authors {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.research-card .abstract {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-500);
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.research-card-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.research-card-action { flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px; }

/* === Card Stats ============================================== */
.card-stats {
  display: flex;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 14px 0 0;
  margin-top: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.stat-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
}

.stat-num {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: .65rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  color: var(--slate-400);
}

/* === Contact Section (homepage) ============================== */
.contact-section {
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: var(--section-y) 0;
}

.contact-section .section-label { color: var(--accent); }

.contact-section h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.contact-section .section-subtitle {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  max-width: 480px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.contact-card {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}
.contact-card:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.2); }

.contact-card-icon {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(59,130,246,.15);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--accent);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-card-label {
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.35);
}

.contact-card-value {
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--white);
  word-break: break-all;
}

.contact-card-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 4px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* === Copy Button ============================================= */
.copy-btn {
  font-family: var(--font);
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(59,130,246,.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(59,130,246,.25);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 4px 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition), border-color var(--transition);
}
.copy-btn:hover { background: rgba(59,130,246,.22); border-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); }

/* === Contact Page (`contact.html`) ========================== */
.contact-page-wrap {
  padding: 56px 0 80px;
  background: var(--white);
}

.contact-page-inner {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--pad-x);
}

.contact-page-profile {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}

.contact-page-profile h2 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  margin: 18px 0 4px;
}

.contact-page-profile .contact-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.contact-page-profile .contact-location {
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-500);
}

.contact-page-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
}

.contact-references {
  margin-top: 32px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: .875rem;
  color: var(--slate-500);
}

.contact-page-card {
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
}

.contact-page-card-label {
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--slate-400);
}

.contact-page-card-value {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--navy-800);
  word-break: break-all;
}

.contact-page-card-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 6px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* === Badge additions ========================================= */
.badge-review    { background: #fef9c3; color: #854d0e; }
.badge-wip       { background: #dcfce7; color: #166534; }
.badge-published { background: #bbf7d0; color: #065f46; }

/* === Skills Page ============================================= */
.skills-category { margin-bottom: 56px; }

.skills-category-label {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.skill-entry {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--slate-200);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 20px 24px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
  gap: 0 32px;
  align-items: start;
}

.skill-entry-name {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

.skill-entry-level {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.skill-entry-context {
  font-size: .88rem;
  color: var(--slate-600);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.skill-projects {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  align-items: center;
}

.skill-projects-label {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .07em;
  color: var(--slate-400);
  margin-right: 2px;
}

.skill-project-link {
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent-dark);
  background: var(--accent-light);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 2px 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: opacity var(--transition);
}

.skill-project-link:hover { opacity: .75; }

/* === Responsive ============================================== */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  :root { --section-y: 60px; }

  .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; text-align: center; }
  .photo-wrap { align-items: center; }
  .contact-row { justify-content: center; }

  .skills-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .card-grid   { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .edu-cols         { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .top-courses-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .article-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .article-sidebar { position: static; }
  .edu-degree  { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .project-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .project-card-actions { flex-direction: row; align-items: center; }
  .writing-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .writing-card-action { margin-top: 0; }
  .research-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-card-action { margin-top: 0; }
  .experience-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .experience-strip-meta { align-items: flex-start; text-align: left; }
  .education-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .education-strip-meta { align-items: flex-start; }
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .nav-dropdown--wide { width: 100%; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .hero-credential-strip { gap: 8px; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .nav-links {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: var(--nav-height);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    background: var(--navy);
    padding: 12px 16px 16px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.07);
    gap: 2px;
  }
  .nav-links.open { display: flex; }

  .nav-toggle { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }

  /* Mobile dropdown: shown inline when parent is open */
  .nav-dropdown {
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    pointer-events: auto !important;
    transform: none !important;
    box-shadow: none;
    border: none;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.05);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 10px 12px;
    margin-top: 4px;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    display: none;
  }
  .nav-item.open .nav-dropdown { display: grid; }
  .dropdown-group h4 { color: rgba(255,255,255,.4); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }
  .dropdown-group a  { color: rgba(255,255,255,.7); }
  .dropdown-group a:hover { color: var(--white); }

  .skills-grid      { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .card-grid        { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .top-courses-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .hero-ctas { flex-direction: column; max-width: 260px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
  .btn { justify-content: center; }

  .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; text-align: center; }
  .footer-links { flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; }
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .contact-page-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .company-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .skill-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; }
}